Deriving the integral of artanh(x) and arcoth(x)

We will use integration by parts to evaluate \(\int \operatorname{artanh}(x) \ dx\). Let \(u = \operatorname{artanh}(x)\) and \(v=x\):

\[\begin{gathered} u = \operatorname{artanh}(x) \implies du = \frac{1}{1-x^2} \ dx, \text{ where } |x| \lt 1 \\ v = x \implies dv = dx \end{gathered}\]

Now let's use integration by parts:

\[ \int \operatorname{artanh}(x) \ dx = x \operatorname{artanh}(x) - \int \frac{x}{1-x^2} \ dx \]

Since \(\frac{d}{dx} \ln(1-x^2) = \frac{1}{1-x^2} * -2x\):

\[ \int \operatorname{artanh}(x) \ dx = x \operatorname{artanh}(x) - \left( \frac{1}{-2} \ln |1-x^2| \right) + C \]

And this leads to our answer:

\[ \int \operatorname{artanh}(x) \ dx = x \operatorname{artanh}(x) + \frac{1}{2} \ln |1-x^2| + C\]

Keep in mind that in the integral of \(\operatorname{artanh}(x)\), \(|x| \lt 1\). Now we will use integration by parts again to evaluate \(\int \operatorname{arcoth}(x) \ dx\):

\[\begin{gathered} u = \operatorname{arcoth}(x) \implies du = \frac{1}{1 - x^2} \ dx, \text{ where } |x| \gt 1 \\ v = x \implies dv = dx \end{gathered}\]

Now let's use integration by parts:

\[ \int \operatorname{arcoth}(x) \ dx = x \operatorname{arcoth}(x) - \int \frac{x}{x^2-1} \ dx \]

And this leads to our final answer:

\[ \int \operatorname{arcoth}(x) \ dx = x \operatorname{arcoth}(x) + \frac{1}{2} \ln |1-x^2| + C\]

Keep in mind that in the integral of \(\operatorname{arcoth}(x)\), \(|x| \gt 1\).

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